Oil-burning engine



R. M. HVID.

OIL BURMNG ENGINE.

APPLICATION mm 3ML26, 19w

Patented Mar. 23, 1920 u ia UNITED STATES PATENT OFFICE.

RASH'US M. HVID, OF CHICAGO. ILLINOIS. ASS IGITDR TO R. M. HVID COMPANY, OF CHICAGO, ILLINOIS, A CORPORATION OF MICHIGAN.

OIL-BURNING ENGINE.

Specificationlof Letters Patent.

Patented Mar. 23. 1920.

Application filed January 26. 1918. Serial No. 218.875.

To all whom it may concern:

Be it known that I, Rasmis M. firm, a citizen of the United States. and resident of Chicago, in the county of Cook and State of Illinois, have invented certain new and useful Improvements in Oil-Burning En gines, of which the following is a specification.

My invention relates to internal combustion engines and particularly to an improvcment in engines of the livid type in which ignition is effected by the heat of compression.

An object'in the present invention is to provide a simple and effective means for mounting the inlet and exhaust valves and ignition devices in proper relation to the cylinder and piston. In en ines of the type referred to a relatively hig compression is required which im lies the provision of a relatively very small space of the iston and the cylinder head. This makes t e location of the inlet and exhaust valves a matter of importance, for while the ports leading to these valves must not be restricted yet the volume of the space must be limited in order to secure the requisite high compression:

Furthermore, the means for effecting ignition in an engine of the type referred to comprises a fuel receiving cup or recess communicating with the combustion space by means of minute apertures and provision must be made for conveniently locating this cup with the required valves in such mannor that the full effect of the expansion of the gases may be secured without great heatloss in their passage to the compression space.

All of these desired results are secured in the en ine illustrated herein. by providing a rear ily removable cylinder head this head containing the inlet and exhaust ports and valves, the ignition cup and the valves controlling the admission of fuel and air to the cup. This improvement is of particular advantage in connection with horizontal engines but may, with some modificat1ons. be applied to vertical engines. ll hcn applied as shown in the drawings, the inlet and ex haust valves are located immediately at the end of the cylinder, no lateral passages from the cylinder being required. arrangement the shallow passage leading to the ignition cup may be located almost (11- between the end 15y this rectly over the exhaust passage and the heat of the exhaust gases assist in the proper ignition, combustion and expansion of the fuel. Preferably the ignition device is constructed as a unit adapted to be inserted in and removed bodily fromthe cylinder head as occasion requires.

The invention will be more readily understood by reference to the accompanying drawing. wherein,

Figure 1 is a fragmentary, longitudinal sectional view through a horizontal, oil burningengine constructed in accordance with my invention. and

Fig. 2 is an end view thereof.

In the'drawings the cylinder is indicated at 10, and the piston at 11. The cylinder head 12, is removably secured to the cylinder by means of bolts 13. The head is provided with water circulation spaces 14, in th usual manner. The inlet and exhaust valves 15, 16, respectively, are located side by side in the head, the valve seats bein formed on the portion of the head whici actually projects into the end of the cylifider. Therefore no space is wasted in the provision of comi'nunicating passages to the valves. The'exhaust valve 18 operated by means of a rocker 17. while the inlet valve is opened by atmospheric pressure following a reduced pressure in the cylinder. \n exhaust pipe is shown at 18. and an intake opening at 19. Located above the valves and between the same is a shallow, horizontal passage 20, which communicates with the compression space at the head of the piston and into the inner end of which a cup 21. projects. This cup is secured to the lower end of a plug 22, which is removably mounted within the cylinder head and held by bolts 22. The amount of fuel delivered is controlled b the needle valve 23, while the time of delivery of the fuel and a small quantity of air is controlled by the puppet valve ignition is effected by the use of these instrumentalities in the usual well knou n manner and they need not be further described.

The fundamental improvement sought to be protected herein is that of providing a. readily removable cylim erihead and mounting in the head not on] the ignition device but the inlet and eirh st valves as well. The construction is 1110 lespeeially Adapted to horizontal engin shut my be adopted to vertical engines by those skilled in the art. Therefore I do not wish to be limited except as indicated in the claims attached hereto.

I claim:

1. In an engine, the combination with th cylinder and piston, of a removable hes. having inlet and exhaust ports therein, a relatively shallow, substantially horizontal combustion space in the head, and an ignition unit comprising a plug, a cup at the lower end thereof adapted to pro ect into the combustion space, a needle valve, and a fuel valve for controlling the admission of fuel into the cup, substantially asdesoribcd.

2. In an oil burning engine. the combination of a cylinder and piston, a removable cylinder head, intake and exhaust valves therein, said head providing a substantially horizontal, shallow combustion space, a fuel cup projecting into said space, and means for supplying fuel to the cup, substantially as described.

3. In a horizontal engine of the type in 'which ignition is efi'ected by the heat of compression, the combination of a cylinder and I iston, a removable head having a shallow orizontal space, a fuel cup projecting into the inner end of said space, means carried by the head for controlling the admission of fuel into said cu), and inlet and exhaust valves in said head, substantially as described.

4. In an oil burning: engine, the combination of a cylinder and piston, a cylinder head. said head having a relatively shallow hr'irizoutnl space, a fuel-receiving cup mounted at thr inner cud of said space, the bottom Wall of said (up being horizontally disposed, and means for supplying liquid fuel to said cup. substantially as described.

In an oil burning, engine. the combination with the cylinder and piston, of a ro-- mumable hmid, inlet and exhaust valves in said head, said valves being positioned in close proximity to the end of the piston at the point of its extreme travel, the bead being provided with a relatively shallow, horizontally disposed space located at one side of and between said inlet and exhaust valves. a fuel-receiving cu disposed at the nner end of said space. an means for feedmg liquid fuel to said cup, substantially as described.

6. In an internal combustion engine, the combination with a cylinder and piston of a cylinder head having a shallow, horizontal passage, and an igniting device including a. plug adapted to be fitted into a suitable recess in said head, a fuel-receiving cu associated with the hugs the floor of tiie cup being horizontal y disposed and the plug being 50- positioned as to locate the cup at the inner end of said passage. said cup being provided with a. relatively small aperture which opens into the passage and is so arranged as to discharge fuel inline with said passage and toward the end of the piston, substantially as described.

7. Ian internal combustion engine, the combination with a cylinder and piston of a cylinder head having a shallow. horizontal passage, a li uid fuel receiving cup liavin side walls an a floor, said cup being locatet in the. inner eud of said passage with its floor in a horizontal position, a side wall of the cup being provided with an aperture lo- -cated near the floor, the aperture being positioned tocause the discharge of atomized liquid fuel in line with the longitudinal axis of the passage and toward the end of the piston, substantially. as described.

8. In a h 'drocarbon engine, the combination witlrtlie cylinder and piston of a removable c vlindcr bead having a portion fitting the open end of the piston, inlet and exhaust ports in said portion, valves for closing said ports, the head being .rovided with a shallow, horizontal passage t ie entrance to which is in said portion ata point between and at one side of said ports, and a fuel cup having a horizontal floor located. at the inner end of said passage, substantially as, described.

Signed at Chicago. Ill.. this 17th day of January, 1918,

' RASMUS M. HVII).

Witness T. D. Burma. 

